Strategy Assesments Essay Example for Free

Strategy Assesments Essay A company strategy is management`s action plan for running the business and conducting operations. (Thompson et al, 2007, p.3). Strategy is a plan-sort of consciously intended course of action, guidelines (or set of guidelines) to deal with the situation. Mintzberg, (1996). According Sanjiv and Stuart, strategy represents managerial commitment to pursue a particular set of actions in growing the business, attracting and pleasing customers, competing successfully, conducting operations and improving the company`s performance. The concept of strategy has been debating issue on our B301 TGF activity 1. 2 to assess the strategic views of two leaders namely Sanjiv Ahuja and Stuart Grief. Both views involve the specification of long-term goals that add value to the organization and propel it to be able to cope with the changing environment. As a practice, it consists of adopting courses of action and allocating resources in ways necessary for carrying out the overall objectives. (Niekerk, C. 2014) post on TGF recommends that strategy is a common theme that runs through both (Stuart and Sanjiv) is that strategy is important for all employees to have a sense of purpose and direction, thereby buying into the companys goals and contributing to the overall success of the organization Sanjiv and Stuart both acknowledge this potent of strategy in the running of business. However they do differ on the implementation, competitive advantages, sustainability and gaining market position. Van Niekerk, C. (2014) posting touched on both views subscribing to some of Mintzeberg’s 5ps models of strategy. Their differences demonstrate the complexity of strategy, how managements intends to grow the business, how it will build a loyal clientele, outcompete rivals and putting together pieces of crossword puzzle of different business units. In agreement with Jordan, W and Uys, R touching on the strategy flexibility, Stuart and Sanjiv if were to change industries so is there strategy is prone to change to suit the new environment. On the same note Grieshaber, D. (2014) has noted similar argument made by O’Sullivan and Wright (2009) to describe strategy as complex and flexible with no one size fits all definition. Both Sanjiv and Stu art acknowledge that businesses or organizations are compelled to make dramatic changes and improvements not only to compete and prosper but also merely to survive. Thompson et al point out that ‘every company must be willing and ready to modify its strategy in response to changing market conditions, advancing technology, the fresh moves of competitors, shifting buyers needs and preferences and emerging market opportunities. Thus to say a company strategy is always a work in progress. They both emphasize the importance of communication in the implementation of strategy. Sanjiv puts planning at the centre of strategic implementation. Sanjiv’s prescriptive approach regards strategy as a systematized and deterministic process where analysis of business performance leads to the formation of a strategic plan. He argues leaders should be in charge in refining the final objective and plan can be put into action through successive layers of the organization. Sanjiv claims that leaders should set the goals, set the strategy to be very simple and understandable to every member of the organization. In this context Sanjiv elevate leaders into supreme level in the formulation and execution of strategy .He presents strategy as a plan that guides organization. Sanjiv’s stand point on is communicating strategy clearly and succinctly – especially in large organization. Strategy must be brief and clearly stated and reduced on one piece of paper. Sanjiv further illustrate that keeping the goals, the objectives in understanding the strategy has to be an inclusive role to play for everyone in an organization. Changing circumstances and ongoing management efforts to improve the strategy cause a company`s strategy to evolve over time, a condition that makes the task of crafting a strategy a work in progress and not onetime event. Stuart Grief also views strategy as an ongoing process to continuously strive to refine and adjustment on yearly basis in order to keep up with the changing dynamics. Stuart seems owes a lot to the concept of â€Å"Kaizen† principles that states, involves every employee from upper management to the cleaning crew. Everyone is encouraged to come up with small improvement suggestions on a regular basis. Stuart elevates that strategy as dialogue, the open discussion and debates about specific topic makes more people buying into strategy. Strategy should inclusive of everyone in an org anization so as to better understanding and execution. In a B301 course, (2014, p.22) states that a strategy must be stretched to include employees and organizational arrangements, becomes very virtually everything a company does or consist. Stuart describes strategy as something not durable, don’t last forever Stand must be flexible; strategy cannot be rigid and unchanging in their very nature. The process involves constant learning that leads to the development of another strategy. It goes without saying that practice makes perfect, therefore it applies to a continuous refinements of strategy over a period of time. Every leader has plans that allow for flexibility in formations to adapt to reality. And this sums up that it is not leader or strategists who cause changes in the planning and execution but a reality. Conclusion Both Sanjiv Ahuja and Stuart Grief conception of strategy relates to Mintzberg five Ps plan of strategy. Mintzberg strategy views demonstrate that business or organizations are consciously planning course action and using guidelines to deal with present and future situation. PART TWO. CRITICAL ASSESMENT OF 5P`S OF STRATEGIES OF MINTZBERG TO MAHINDRA MAHINDRA CASE STUDY STRATEGIC PLAN Strategy is a plan – sort of consciously intended course of action, a guidelines (or set of guidelines) to deal with a situation. (Mintzberg, H. (1996). By this definition strategies have two essential characteristics: they are made in advance of the actions, to which they apply, and they are developed consciously and purposefully. Mahindra has been at the fore front looking into the future and therefore provides an opportunity to influence the future, or assume a proactive posture. Mahindra strategic plan was to acquire existing firms that have already existing infrastructure and technology in place but need only direction. For example, the purchasing of struggling and western firms allows Mahindra to gain competitive strategies and gaining market share in specific market segment. Western firm can provide better technology as in most cases they incorporate into research and developments departments. The RD strategy would put Mahindra at the same level of technology advancement with western firms. Effective staffing and leadership provides sense of direction and business continuity and this is seen how Mahindra headhunted Paw an Goenka, veteran of Detroit. Detroit used to be the centre and manufacturing hub for automotives in American history before global financial meltdown. The plan is to plug in every expert, ideas and technology into the system and provides standards of accountability for people, programs, and allocated resources. Diversification is seen as better strategic planning for Mahindra as this help them to control profitable niche markets such logistics and moving away from mass market for conventional cars whereby global giant’s car-making ( Chinese Great wall) are posing threats. Porter, (1985, p.376) comments that diversification strategy can seek to extend any types of tangible interrelations offering the greatest impact on competitive advantage. Strategic planning is the key to helping organization collectively and cooperatively to gain control of the future and the destiny of the organization. Mahindra strategic plan for new pipeline designs for local market and rural distribut ion network that will deter rival as competitive advantage. Porter, (1985, p.3) depicts firm grows fundamentally out of value is able to create for its buyers that exceeds the firm`s cost of creating the plan. STRATEGIC PLOY A specific â€Å"maneuver† intended to outwit an opponent or competitor. Here the strategy is the threat, not the expansion itself, and as such is a ply. In all finance-related activity, diversification means to become involved in a range of different activities or assets, with the goal of reducing exposure to any one particular risk. It is summed up by the saying of not putting all your eggs into one basket. In investing, diversification means avoiding the risk that a particular investment going badly will have serious overall consequences. In business, it covers the risk of being too reliant on one particular element of the market. In this case Mahindra Mahindra for example bought ‘Satyam’ an It-service firm that seemed to lower its market stake but in the end boosted the combined value. Sponsoring of American Bull-riding tournaments seems to be another ploy of eliminating potential rivals. On the one hand the sponsorship creates brand awareness, constantly reminding people to buy Mahindra Tractors. Of course, if they ceased sponsoring such activities people would not immediately bull-riding but their sales would decline with time. Humans attention needs to be reminded, in large part due to being constantly exposed to so much information, so if Mahindra stopped being so present, someone would take their place and with time customers would not think of buying Mahindra tractor. Again Mahindra bought Ssangyong, an ailing South Korean firm in order to boost its presence in pickups trucks but face formidable competitors. Buying out an existing company can be a path to independent wealth, create new growth opportunities for Mahindra that seem to constantly looking for margin expansion. But company buyouts are complex and require considerable investment and attention to detail every step of the way. So to sum up, huge global brands remain highly active in strategic ploy in order to maintain their position atop of the competition. Of course Mintzberg refers this, as strategy of conflict to outwit rivals in a competitive or bargaining situation. Suu Tzu, (2010, p. 10-11) narrates similar strategy by analogy of minuteman, when faced the redcoats on the open battlefield of concord in the traditional frontal confrontation of the time, the minuteman lost. Then, the minuteman made a fundamental shift in their battle tactics and fired on redcoats from behind stones fences as they returned to Boston. This shift in tactics initiated a strategic turn in combat, as the new strategy of skirmishing contributed to the success of the American Revolution. STRATEGIC PATTERN But if strategies can be intended (whether as general plans or specific ploys), surely they can also be realized. In other words, Mintzberg defining strategy as a plan is not sufficient; we also need a definition that encompasses the resulting behavior. Thus a third definition is proposed: strategy is a pattern—specifically, a pattern in a stream of actions. By this definition, strategy is consistency in behavior, whether or not intended. Strategies, in other words, form as well as are formulated and so even good ones need not necessarily be conscious and purposeful. For example Mahindra has demonstrated the consistency of avoiding the risk of graft and cronyism as the order of business in India. Some Luck and good judgments on profitable ventures has steered them away from making bad investment such as ‘Ford’ then opted to invest in its own SUV projects which became successful. Relationship between strategy and behavior is an intricate part of strategic pattern at Mahindra, the enthusiasm to be independent without depending on too mu ch debt, the idea is to be creative in managing cost leadership and use of capital efficiently. Cost advantage gives Mahindra to conserve disposable return by consuming only about one-fifth of the group`s underlying cash-flow. This is evident on their high returns and little debt since most Indian conglomerates are often financial quagmires. STRATEGIC POSITION Strategy is a position specifically a means of locating an organization in an environment. By this definition strategy becomes the mediating force, or match, between organization and environment, that is, between the internal and the external context. But strategy as a position can extend beyond competition too, economic and otherwise. In this case study of Mahindra looks set to dominate India`s market for SUV market. Indian SUV market contributes 55% of operating profit and cash-flow. Indeed this is â€Å"niche† market that needs to avoid competition. Like in military and game theories of strategy or better known as head-on competition where position becomes the sight of the battle, it is a matter of sustainability and survival of the fittest and avoids competition at cost. Mahindra affirms its strategic position as the world largest tractor firm by volume (India and Abroad). Mahindra moved in with speed and accuracy at hand of they have managed to be the 5th biggest Indian family group by sales ($16 Billion) and 17th largest Indian firm by market capitalization ($15 Billion). Sun Tzu point out that throughout history, winning generals in battlefield developed disciplines and systems for moving faster than their opponents to occupy the strategic positions. Napoleon`s is one of the famous warrior in this category. STRATEGIC PESPECTIVE Strategy is a perspective its content consisting not just of a chosen position, but of an ingrained way of perceiving the world. Strategy in this respect is to the organization what personality is to the individual. What is of key importance is that strategy is a perspective shared by members of an organization, through their intentions and / or by their actions. In effect, strategy in this context, it is like entering the realm of the collective mind individuals united by common thinking and / or behavior. Mahindra developed the engineering culture that’s suit the Indian market and it’s noted in the case study that rarely will you find Indian manufacturing success – and Mahindra created its home technology can be regarded as shared perspective. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MINTZBERG`S FIVE Ps FOR STRATEGY Mintzberg five 5Ps of strategy; plan, ploy, position and perspective are just representative of strategy and does not detail what process to follow. Strategy should consider tactics, and successful tactical implementation requires an appreciation of strategy. The word strategy is widely used in the world of business and uses different meanings for a different purpose. With reference to Mahindra Mahindra case study it does not make sense to applies the theory on each 5P`s of Mintzberg strategy explicitly. It might be understood that all five P`s can make sense together with some underlying internal and external environmental factors that specifically applies the automotive industry. Mintzberg`s paper is data-free and therefore regarded as conceptual, and might not well been defined with supporting empirical base. Mintzberg data follows the analogy of one size fits all and cannot be accepted in empirical study analysis. Strategy as plan needs a well-formulated objectives and purpose, referred to as strategic ambition of the firm. Strategy as ploy needs means of outperforming competition. Strategy as pattern needs to identify what strategic actions have been successful in the past that can be useful and lead to succeed in the future. Strategy as position means to be aware of what the unique sale proposition is and how it compares to competitors in term of positioning and market share. Strategy as perspective needs the development of an organizational culture that can open opportunities to rethink their processes, strategies, and innovative management practices. For instance, Mahindra Mahindra is not at sleep (Case study), is positioning the new SUV models in pipeline and rural distribution network as strategic ploy in its category within the automotive industry. Mahindra Mahindra has used economies of scale, which has allowed them to reduce operating costs (1.9% of its market value) of research and development. CONCLUSION This model has gained adepts including managers prefer Mintzberg’s model to a Porter’s framework for formulation of strategy for its holistic approach as Karl Moore states in his post about whose view of strategy is most relevant today, comparing Porter and Mintzberg. This strategy model allows manager to comprehend a strategy from a wide perspective that involves internal and external analysis and exploit organizations’ core and competencies with the dynamic business environment to achieve superior performance REFERENCES B301 Module course, (2009) â€Å"Making Sense of Strategy: Reading 1 2†. Open University. O’ Sullivan, T and Wright, A. (2009) â€Å"B301 Module Course: Introducing Strategy†. Open University. Thompson Jr, A.A, Strickland, A.J and Gamble, J.E. (2007) â€Å"Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage†. 15th Edn. USA. McGraw- Hill Irwin. Michaelson, G.A and Michaelson, S. (2010) â€Å" Tsu Tzu: The Art of War for Managers†. (2nd Edn). Massachusetts. Adams Media. Porter, M. (1985) â€Å"Competitive Advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance†. New York. Free Press.

MTV :: essays research papers

Somewhat perversely, it might be expedient to begin by pointing out that this paper is not about the music video per se. There will be no close textual analysis of individual clips. Eminent pop philosopher Elvis Costello once said that "writing about music is like dancing about architecture. It's a really stupid thing to want to do" (quoted in Goodwin, 1993: 1). Conscious that 'accidents can happen", this paper is concerned with the institutional as opposed to the purely textual; with the processes of production and reception (although it should be noted that it is perhaps inevitable that such a consideration will touch upon the channel - if not the videos themselves - as "text" in its most socially-engaged sense). The focus here, then, is on those organisations which broadcast music videos, on Music Television (MTV) in particular, and on the possible impact of what has become a truly global phenomenon. There is a common perception that American products dominate the world's markets. Coke and Pepsi slug it out across continents. It would appear that there is no place on earth where one cannot purchase a Big Mac. In his book Superculture, Christopher Bigsby offers this assessment of America's global dominance: American corporations shape the physical and mental environment, influence the eating habits, define the leisure pursuits, produce TV programmes and movies: devise, in other words, the fact and fantasy of the late twentieth century (Bigsby, 1975: 4). The perceived threat of globalisation has prompted fears and resentments not dissimilar in temper and tone to those by-now familiar reactions to the threat of Americanisation. Globalisation is sometimes seen as a force that will erode or, worse still, dissolve cultural difference and variety. Yet, the presence and pervasiveness of American-made goods does not necessarily signal the death of the local, regional or national. As Frederic Jameson notes, late modern or postmodern capitalism has led to a more disorganised set of relationships between trading nations. Thus, it is one of the characteristics of the dreaded "P"-concept - postmodernism or, perhaps more accurately, postmodernity - that it leads to uncertainty and paradox, as opposed to certainty and confidence. As a kind of postmodern capitalism, globalisation reflects this. For with it, the act of cultural transfer becomes more problematic, the flow of goods and ideas so much more difficult to "police". Economically, globalisation refers to a shift in capitalist practice. Today's multi- nationals talk of "global marketing strategies" and securing a "global market share" - corporate- speak which alludes to a kind of capitalism sans frontieres. MTV :: essays research papers Somewhat perversely, it might be expedient to begin by pointing out that this paper is not about the music video per se. There will be no close textual analysis of individual clips. Eminent pop philosopher Elvis Costello once said that "writing about music is like dancing about architecture. It's a really stupid thing to want to do" (quoted in Goodwin, 1993: 1). Conscious that 'accidents can happen", this paper is concerned with the institutional as opposed to the purely textual; with the processes of production and reception (although it should be noted that it is perhaps inevitable that such a consideration will touch upon the channel - if not the videos themselves - as "text" in its most socially-engaged sense). The focus here, then, is on those organisations which broadcast music videos, on Music Television (MTV) in particular, and on the possible impact of what has become a truly global phenomenon. There is a common perception that American products dominate the world's markets. Coke and Pepsi slug it out across continents. It would appear that there is no place on earth where one cannot purchase a Big Mac. In his book Superculture, Christopher Bigsby offers this assessment of America's global dominance: American corporations shape the physical and mental environment, influence the eating habits, define the leisure pursuits, produce TV programmes and movies: devise, in other words, the fact and fantasy of the late twentieth century (Bigsby, 1975: 4). The perceived threat of globalisation has prompted fears and resentments not dissimilar in temper and tone to those by-now familiar reactions to the threat of Americanisation. Globalisation is sometimes seen as a force that will erode or, worse still, dissolve cultural difference and variety. Yet, the presence and pervasiveness of American-made goods does not necessarily signal the death of the local, regional or national. As Frederic Jameson notes, late modern or postmodern capitalism has led to a more disorganised set of relationships between trading nations. Thus, it is one of the characteristics of the dreaded "P"-concept - postmodernism or, perhaps more accurately, postmodernity - that it leads to uncertainty and paradox, as opposed to certainty and confidence. As a kind of postmodern capitalism, globalisation reflects this. For with it, the act of cultural transfer becomes more problematic, the flow of goods and ideas so much more difficult to "police". Economically, globalisation refers to a shift in capitalist practice. Today's multi- nationals talk of "global marketing strategies" and securing a "global market share" - corporate- speak which alludes to a kind of capitalism sans frontieres.

Poet makes the poem memorable Essay

‘Heroines’ is a poem written by Penny Windsor. The poem is about struggling mums trying to escape their lives as mums. By using different techniques the poet makes the poem memorable.  The similes in the poem are interesting. The similes show how the mums feel about their lives. The women are becoming unhappier, â€Å"the hill tops creep away like children playing games†. ‘The hill tops’ represent the women’s peak in life, their happiest times. ‘The hill tops creep away’ show the mums happiness slowly going away day by day, just like their children going away to play. The next simile in the poem shows that the mothers feel that they just can’t escape. â€Å"Plotting our escape like jail birds†. The mums feel trapped like prisoners in jail. They are desperate to get out of their situation. They can’t break free. In jail, prisoners go through the same routine everyday and that is how the mums feel. Another similes described the women becoming fearless, â€Å"tescoed prisoners rising from the household dust like heroines rising from the household like heroines†. The mums are being compared to a phoenix. A phoenix is said to go up into flames then is reborn from its ashes, stronger. The mums are going to become stronger and better by rising from the household dust for their children. The reason for the mums being reborn stronger is because they get some time to themselves. The get just ten minutes of the day to become stronger. They get that little time to revive themselves. That’s why the mums are going to be stronger and better by rising from the household dust for their children. The similes in the poem make me remember how the mums feel. The metaphors in the poem are creative. The metaphors show that the mums are something else. The women are changing into something different than they already were. â€Å"We are the terraced women†. The mums are turning into their own houses. They are in there houses so much that they are becoming them. The terraced houses all look the same and are no different from each other. The women feel like they are their houses because they are all so close together and the same as one another. Another metaphor in the poem shows that the mums have a different side that they don’t get to show that often. â€Å"Briefly we are wild women†. They can be something that they are not for a small moment in time. For only one occasion in the day they are free and not mums but they are â€Å"wild women†. They can let their hair down and relax, Talk about what they want without children being there. All the metaphors in the poem make it more outstanding. The imagery in the poem is very imaginative. The imagery shows that the mums lead a hard, difficult life. † We tug reluctant children†. The mums live a tough life. Their lives are a constant battle everyday. Even the easiest everyday things make life even harder for them. The word â€Å"tug† emphasizes how laborious their life is for them. The next piece of imagery in the poem gives a clear image of how hurt the mothers are. â€Å"We wave with hands scarred by groceries and too much washing up†. The mums are scarred by the life they lead. They are constantly looking after their children which never leaves them time to heal. Their scarring is physically but may also be much more mentally and underneath, deep down inside. The mothers are badly hurt and the imagery in this poem shows that. Also the imagery makes the poem impressive and easy to remember.  The repetition in the poem is intriguing. The repetition shows that the mums are worn out and bored with their lives. The women practically have no other name apart from mum.

Physical Education In Schools - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 840 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/13 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: Physical Education Essay Did you like this example? There has been a constant increase of obese children over the past couple years. In fact, a troubling consequence of obesity is the growing number of children experiencing health problems such as type 2 diabetes, with anticipated higher lifetime risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory problems, and some cancers (Wamp 2009). Doctors, physical educators, and other health conscious individuals are trying to implement various physical activity interventions in schools to counteract obesity in children and other long- term consequences that come with sedentary behaviors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Physical Education In Schools" essay for you Create order Exploring the benefits of physical activity, the promotion of physical activity in schools, and the guidelines for physical activity will be very important in assessing whether the promotion counteracts the rise of obese children. The promotion of well -balanced physical activity programs in schools is very crucial due to the fact that physical activity has been found to prevent many diseases and because schools reach nearly all children for more than half of their waking days, implementing physical activity programs may have a great impact on physical activity becoming part of their daily lives (Cooper, Greenberg, Castelli, Barton, Martin, Morrow 2016). When children acquire dynamic exercising habits, they can grow to lead active and healthy lives as adults, increasing productivity along the way (Wamp 2009). Physical activity also aids in a childrs ability to learn and increases productivity (Wamp 2009). Schools are obesogenic environments but have the potential to promote and provide opportunities to meet the recommended daily minutes of physical activity (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). With the combination of increased need to do well on standardized tests and the convenience of sedentary lifestyles, children now weight more and have a greater body mass index than their peers a generation earlier (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). It is recommended that a quality physical education curriculum be the foundation of comprehensive opportunities for students to be physically active throughout the school day (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). Quality physical education is characterized by: daily physical education (at least 150 minutes per week for elementary, 225 minutes per week for middle and high schools), curriculum that meets the National Standards for Physical Education, student assessment aligned with instruction, certified physical education teacher providing meaningful conte nt through standards-based instruction, student- teacher ratio equivalent to that in the classroom context, and adequate equipment to promote maximum practice time (Avery, Brandt 2010). It is recommended that a quality physical education curriculum be the foundation of comprehensive opportunities for students to be physically active throughout the school day and that federal, state, and local policies require schools to provide these programs (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). A well-rounded physical activity program is very beneficial to the health of all individuals. If the physical activity guidelines are followed many long- term health benefits will follow. When children are participating in regular physical activity and their diet is well balanced, obesity is easily counteracted (Luisa 2016). Physical activity not only decreases the chances of becoming obese, it also helps maintain cardiorespiratory fitness and prevent diseases. Individuals who partake in physical activity regularly are less likely to develop a stroke, various types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and the loss of the ability to function (Blair 2009). Physical activity that is current, ongoing, and vigorous such as swimming, racket games, jogging, fast walking, and cycling has demonstrated substantial protection against heart attack in middle and early old ages individuals (Blair 2009). Individuals who participate in only light activity doesnt gain any protection from heart a ttacks (Blair 2009). In order for physical activity to be beneficial there are certain guidelines individuals should follow. In the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008) recommends that youth engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day, most of which should be either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity. Half of this amount (30 minutes) should be achieved during the school day (Avery, Brandt 2010). The Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of Nation proposed that all children engage in 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, most of which is happening during school time (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). References Avery, Marybell, and Janet Brandt. How Active are Your Students? Increasing Physical Activity in Schools. Strategies 24.1 (2010): 34-5. ProQuest. 14 Sep. 2018 Blair S.N., Morris J.N. Healthy Hearts and the Universal Benefits of Being Physically Active: Physical Activity and Health. Annuals of Epidemiology 19(4) (2009):253-256. ProQuest. 15 Sep. 2018 Cooper, Kenneth H., et al. Implementing Policies to Enhance Physical Education and Physical Activity in Schools. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 87.2 (2016): 133-40. ProQuest. 14 Sep. 2018 Darla M. Castelli, PhD, Erin E. Centeio, PhD, and Hildi M. Nicksic, MEd. Preparing Educators to Promote and Provide Physical Activity in Schools. (2013) American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine Vol 7, Issue 5, pp. 324 332 Lu ­sa Aires, Gustavo Silva, Clarice Martins, Elisa Marques, Maria Jo?o Lagoa, Jose Carlos Ribeiro, Carla Rego, Henrique Nascimento, Petronila Rocha Pereira, Alice Santos-Silva, Lus Belo Jorge Mota (2016) Exercise intervention and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. Comparison between obese youngsters taking part in a physical activity school-based programme with and without individualised diet counselling: the ACORDA project, Annals of Human Biology,43:3, 183-190, DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1059889

Technology Research Museum s Mission - 1170 Words

Technology Research Museum audiences seek engaging activities. Museums seek opportunities to remain relevant to audiences. By providing educational opportunities in a relevant and current format, museums create new relationships with their audience. Technological advances over the last twenty years provide new tools that allow museums to engage audiences in educational and entertaining experiences. Technology changed the way in which people share information and learn (Russo 2011, 32). It is an exciting time with limitless possibilities for museums. A challenge occurs for museums to use the technology appropriately and in an effective manner that does not distract from the museum’s mission. While learning takes place in museums, these technological advances provide possibilities to create engaging exhibits and learning opportunities to audiences at the museum and beyond its walls. The technological advancements and rise in use of social media, provides museums opport unities for interaction with their audiences and their community. Engaging with the community through social media discussions, provides museums an opportunity to connect, and build relationships (Russo, 2011, 327). These conversations provide museums insight to the community’s needs and defines the services that museums should provide. These services include educational and cultural activities. Some examples of the educational experiences that museums provide beyond their walls are podcasts andShow MoreRelatedArt Museum Vs. Private Museum1276 Words   |  6 PagesMuseum Comparison This paper compares four separate museums. The first two compared, are private art museums in the United States, compared to a private art museum in another country. Secondly, a university natural history museum is compared to another university natural history museum in a foreign country. 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Male and female gender constructs Essay - 1624 Words

Our cultural beliefs dictate that there are only two biological sexes corresponding to two genders (Newman, 2001). The male and female constructs often carry with them misconceptions and stereotypes, such as the belief that gender and sex are synonymous or that gender assigned at birth indicates a specific preference for toys, interest, clothes, and eventual erotic attraction (Newman, 2001). Males are expected to exhibit masculine personality traits and be attracted to women while females are expected to exhibit feminine personality traits and be attracted to men. Research in many countries reveals that stereotyping of personality traits increases steadily in middle adolescence, becoming adult like around age 11 (Berk, 2010). For example,†¦show more content†¦Gender Identity Disorder (GID) is characterized by a strong and persistent identification with the opposite sex, discomfort with one’s own sex, and a sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex (APA , 2000). In boys, the cross-gender identification is manifested by a marked preoccupation with traditionally feminine games, activities, and toys (APA, 2000). They may express a wish to be a woman when they grow up, insist on sitting to urinate, and pretend not to have a penis by pushing it between their legs (APA, 2000). In girls with GID there is an intense negative reaction to parental expectations or attempts to dress in female attire, little interest in dolls and role playing games, and she may assert that she will grow up to be a man (APA, 2000). To make the diagnosis, there must be evidence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (APA, 2000). The usual pubertal changes are twice fold for children who have chosen to assume the identity of the opposite sex. Transgender teens living as boys begin to grow breast and menstruate and transgender teens living as girls begin to experience the deepening of their voice and the immersion of an Adams apple. Transgender youth frequently report verbal and physical harassment assault and a lack of feeling safe at school and many wantShow MoreRelatedGender As A Socio Cultural Construct Of Female And Male Identity That Shapes How Individuals Live And Interpret The2518 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Gender is a socio-cultural construct of female and male identity that shapes how individuals live and interpret the world around them. Gender is not natural: it is learned in society through direct and indirect means† (Knapp, 1). The purpose of this paper is to provide an examination and a comparison of the gender roles and cultural differences among men and women in Mexico and China parti cularly in the areas of traditional customs, education, family structure/marriage and labor markets. 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Systems Theory and Human Relations free essay sample

Systems theory within organisations states that businesses retrieve inputs from the external environment, transform these inputs from processes and procedures and then out put them back into the environment. Below is a diagram to illustrate this with examples of each. The inputs generally come from other organistaions outputs, and the outputs of organisations tend to become inputs for other organisations. Within the organisation as a system, each of the different transformation activities may themselves may be looked at as individual sub-systems with their own inputs-transformations-outputs. They may also be looked at to interact with different sub-systems. The 5 main sub-systems are as follows: †¢Task – goals and objectives of the company †¢Technology – the tools and knowledge in which are used to carry out tasks †¢People – attitudes, skills, needs etc Structure – both formal and informal, flow of authority, grapevine etc †¢Management – co-ordination of the other 4 sub-systems and interactions with outside world Human relations approach pays greater attention to the social factors at work and the behaviour of employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Theory and Human Relations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Employees come to work for more than just monetary needs, they come to interact with each other also. Therefore employees need to be able to interact with each other and not be excluded, Hamiltons work plan enables this and also encourages this. One way by which Hamilton uses this approach is by humanising the workplace, recognising the importance of the informal structure and also giving concern for the manufacturing staff. Hamilton does many things to humanise the workplace, such as: †¢Regular walk abouts by directors †¢Quarterly updates/briefs †¢Nights of social events such as Christmas funded by the company †¢Attend certain MDW meetings †¢Works council to communicate to management about certain issues on shop floor †¢Birthdays always celebrated †¢Weddings and anniversarys celebrated †¢Shop sales Child care vouchers †¢Easter eggs provided by company These policies and procedures that are representative of the human relations approach, all help with the management of change within Hamilton. Below are some point and how they help with managing change: †¢Communication – By communicating with staff through quarterly briefs, team meetings and notice boards, all staff are aware of changes and why they are going to be made. †¢Multiskilling – By Hamilton training staff on at least 3 machines in the factory, this enables Hamilton help to manage production planning. It also helps make the employee feel needed by investing in them. †¢Production planning – Enables Hamilton to prduce there good more efficiently and to help cut down on set-up times and change over’s. †¢Works Council – Helps staff to communicate any issues with changes that are being made before they are being introdced. This then means they can rectify these issues which the staff have. †¢Social Events – Help keep staff morale high and help build relationships and work teams within the business. As I looked at one of the subsystems of management and how it relates to the external environment and how it manages changes in the environment, I realised Hamilton is effected a lot by external factors such as: †¢Social attitudes †¢Government policies – taxes †¢Trade unions †¢Customers †¢Other organisations †¢International relations †¢Economic climate – exchange rates †¢Suppliers †¢Technoligical innovations – dulux paint pod †¢Providers of finance One of the biggest external factors is the economic climate, the exchange rate with China is very poor at the minute. As you can see from the graph above Hamilton has seen a major drop in the exchange rate within the last 12 months. This therefore creates high production costs within the company, to try and reduce the impact the management has undertaken numerous actions such as: †¢Improve communications with suppliers †¢Improve technology internally and externally †¢New suppliers †¢Longer term agreements †¢Reduced spending †¢Production planning †¢Aggressive with suppliers †¢Re-structured sales force